HISTORY OF ISLAM IN INDONESIA

In the year 30 H or 651M , only about 20 years ago of the death of the Prophet Muhammad, the Caliph Uthman ibn Affan RA send a delegation to China to introduce Daula Muslims, who have long standing. In a journey that took four years, the delegates turned out to Uthman had stopped at the Islands of the archipelago. Several years later, exactly the year AD 674, Umayyad Dynasty has established trade base on the west coast of Sumatra. This is the first introduction of Indonesia's population to Islam. Since then the sailors and Muslim merchants continued to arrive, century after century. They buy local produce from the land of green this while preaching.
Gradually, the indigenous population began to embrace Islam, although not yet on a large scale. Aceh, the westernmost region of the Islands archipelago, is the first to accept Islam. Even in Acehlah first Islamic kingdom in Indonesia was established, namely Pasai. News from Marcopolo mentioned that at the time of sojourn in Pasai year 692 AH / 1292 AD, were many Arabs who spread Islam. Similarly, news of Ibn Battuthah, nomadic Muslims from the Maghreb., Which when dropped in Aceh in 746 AH / 1345 AD wrote that in Aceh have been scattered schools of Shafi'i. The oldest relic of the Muslims who are found in Indonesia located in Gresik, East Java. Form of Islamic tomb complex, in which one of them is the tomb of a Muslim woman named Fatima bint Maimun. Numbers written on his tomb in 475 AH / 1082 AD, ie at the time of the Kingdom of Singasari. It is estimated that these tombs are not from the natives, but the tomb of Arab traders.
Until the 8th century H / 14 AD, there is no indigenous population pengislaman massive archipelago. New in the 9th century H / 14 AD, the indigenous population embraced Islam en masse. The historians argue that Islam entered the archipelago population on a large scale in the century was due at that time the Muslims already have a significant political force. That is marked by the establishment of several Islamic kingdoms such as the Kingdom of patterned Aceh Darussalam, Malacca, Demak, Cirebon, and Ternate. The rulers of these kingdoms of mixed blood, descendants of the kings of the indigenous pre-Islamic and Arab immigrants. The rapid Islamization of the 14th century and 15 M, among others, are also caused by the decline of power and influence of the kingdoms of the Hindu / Buddhist in the archipelago such as Majapahit, Srivijaya and Sundanese. Thomas Arnold in The Preaching of Islam says that the arrival of Islam is not as conquerors as well as the Portuguese and Spanish. Islam came to Southeast Asia by way of peace, not with a sword, not to seize political power. Islam entered the archipelago in a way that really show it as rahmatan lil'alamin.
With the native population into Islam Nusantara and the establishment of Islamic governments in different parts of the archipelago, the trade with the Muslims from the center of the Islamic world became increasingly tight. The Arabs who migrated to the archipelago is also growing. The largest of which is derived from Hadramaut, Yemen. In the chronicle of Hadramawt, migration is even said to be the largest in the history of Hadramaut. But after the Christian European nations and the greedy master coming area-by area in the archipelago, the relationship with the center of the Islamic world as if disconnected. Especially in the 17th and 18th centuries AD. The reason, other than because the Muslim archipelago occupied by the resistance against colonialism, as well as various regulations created by the colonialist. Every time the invaders - notably the Netherlands - subjugate the Islamic kingdom in the archipelago, they would thrust the royal ban treaty whose contents are related to trade with the outside world except through them. So terputuslah Nusantara relations with the Islamic ummah of Muslims from other nations who had established hundreds of years. The colonialist desire to alienate Muslims archipelago with its roots, also visible from the assimilation policies that make them among the Arabs with the natives.
Since the early arrival of the Europeans at the end of the 15th century AD to the fertile island is prosperous, is already seen their greedy nature to master. Moreover, they found the fact that the population of these islands have embraced Islam, the religion of their enemies, so that the spirit of the Crusades was always carry around every time they beat a region. In their fight against Islam in collaboration with indigenous kingdoms that still adhered to Hindu / Buddhist. One example, to decide cruise lines of the Muslims, then having seized Malacca in 1511, the Portuguese cooperation with the Kingdom of Sunda Pajajaran to build a base in Sunda Kelapa. But the purpose of this Portuguese failed miserably after the combined forces of Islam from the north coast of Java along hand in hand to demolish them in 1527 AD Of this historic battle led by an Arab-blooded son of Aceh Gujarat, namely Al-Pasai Fadhilah Khan, better known by his title, Fathahillah. Before becoming an important man in the three Islamic kingdom of Java, namely Demak, Cirebon and Banten, Fathahillah had studied in Mecca. Even the participate defend Mecca of the Ottoman Turkish invasion.
The arrival of the colonialists on the one side has awakened the spirit of jihad of the Muslims archipelago, but on the other side make the deepening of belief in Islam is uneven. Only the pesantren (Islamic schools) who studied Islam, and even then usually limited to the Shafi'i school. While the majority Muslims, mixing faith with pre-Islamic traditions. Aristocratic circles close to the Dutch even have affected the European lifestyle. Conditions like this still happen at least until now. Apart from this, scholars Archipelago are the people who persevere against colonialism. Although many of them come from the congregation, but it is often among the congregation rose up against the invaders. And although in the end it was crushed any resistance with tactics devious, but history has recorded millions of martyrs who died in the archipelago a number of battles against the Dutch. Since the resistance of Islamic kingdoms in the 16th and 17th centuries such as Malacca (Malaysia), Sulu (Philippines), Pasai, Banten, Sunda Kelapa, Makassar, Ternate, until the resistance of the scholars in the 18th century such as the War of Cirebon (Bagus Rangin), Java War (Diponegoro), Padri War (Imam Bonjol), and the war in Aceh (Teuku Umar).

Religious History of Islam in Indonesia Age past
Islam dynamics started from the early period of its appearance until now, has been recorded in the history of the world. Various important events that happened to give color to the development of human life, especially in Islamic syiar.
The year 570 MProphet Muhammad was born in Mecca, a city that is very important and famous in the Arabian Peninsula at that time. Prophet Muhammad originated from the Bani Hashim, the noblest tribes of the Quraysh tribe who dominated Arab society. Year of birth of Prophet Muhammad was known as the "Year of the Elephant", because it coincided with the arrival of troops led by Abraha's elephant (royal governor in Yemen, Ethiopia) invaded Mecca to destroy the Ka'bah and Religious centers move to his country.
Year 611 MBy the age of 40 years, the Prophet Muhammad are often solitary and long vigil at the Cave of Hira. On 17 Ramadan 11 SH / August 6 611, the Angel Gabriel came and delivered the first revelation from Almighty Allag to Muhammad: "Read with (call) the name of your Lord, the Creator ..." (Qur'an 96:1-5). With that first revelation, Muhammad was chosen as an apostle of Allah SWT.
Year 615 MFirst Hijrah. Propagation is done by the Prophet Muhammad received a lot of obstacles from the inhabitants and rulers of Mecca. Atrocities committed against the Muslims that the Prophet Muhammad encouraged to evacuate his companions outside Mecca. with careful consideration, in the fifth year apostolate, the Prophet Muhammad set Abessinia (Ethiopia) as a country where emigrate.
Year 620 MIn the 10th year of his prophethood, Prophet Muhammad's Ascension of the Prophet experienced events. Isra is a journey of the Prophet Mosque (Mecca) to Masjidilaksa (Jerusalem), while the Ascension is a journey of Masjidilaksa to Sidratulmuntaha in seventh heaven. Ascension of the Prophet there being serialized in a single night in the company of Angel Gabriel. Core Prayer Ascension of the Prophet is a command that received the Prophet Muhammad in Sidratulmuntaha. As scholars have argued that the conduct Ascension of the Prophet is the spirit of the Prophet Muhammad, not the body. Others argue in part Ascension of the Prophet carried out with the body and spirit, not in a dream.
Year 622 MBecause of the cruel treatment of the Quraish against the Muslims in Mecca, the Prophet immediately ordered his companions and followers to migrate to Yathrib (later called Madinaturrasul). After Prophet arrived and accepted people of Madinah, the Prophet Muhammad became the leader of the city. He laid the foundations of a solid life, among others, by setting the Charter of Medina for the formation of a new society which is called the "state of Medina." With the formation of the state of Medina, Islam is growing stronger
Year 622 MHijri year, the early Islamic era. Hijrah era since the beginning of the Prophet Muhammad migrated to Medina in 622 M Determination of Hijri year is determined by the Caliph Omar back in 17 H/638 M to hear suggestions of friends. Of the various proposals that emerged, Umar accepted the proposal Ali bin Abi Talib who raise event from Mekan Prophet migrated to Medina as the beginning of Islam. The reason, migration is a dividing point between the Mecca and Medina period, and is the largest momentum in the struggle of the Prophet Muhammad spread Islam

Year 624 MTop of dissension among the Muslims of Medina and the Quraysh polytheists marked by war, on 17 Ramadan 2 H/624 M that occur in Wadi Badr, 125 km south of Medina. This war is known as the Battle of Badr.
Year 625 MThe war erupted on Mount Uhud and called the battle of Uhud. This war caused by the desire of revenge the idolaters of Quraish of Mecca who lost the Battle of Badr. Muslim troops initially succeeded in making the army of Quraysh retreated, but due to negligence of the Muslim army, behind the attack that makes the Islamic forces pinned so that Hamza bin Abdul Muttalib who was nicknamed the "Lion of God" was killed.
627 YearsTrench War or the War Azhab (Ahzab, ally) occurred in the month of Shawwal 5 H/627 M. This is a war between Muslims and Jews who allied with the Quraysh and other tribes to fight the Prophet Muhammad and his followers. This war called the War Ditch (Ditch: ditch) as it relates to the strategy of the Muslims who dig trenches on the plains of northwestern city of Medina to impede the advance of the enemy.
HISTORY Age Religion Islam In Indonesia In the past
In 628 MIn Zulkaidah 6 H (628 AD), the Muslims and the idolaters of Mecca to make Hudaibiyah Agreement. This agreement is made relating to the prohibition against the Prophet entourage entered the city of Mecca for pilgrimage (hajj) by the Quraish who expect to be attacked. After sending another envoy, finally the Quraish sent Suhayl bin Amr to meet the Prophet and make a peace treaty. Sentences written agreements Ali bin Abi Talib on the orders of the Prophet SAW
Year 630The conquest of Mecca (Makkah Al-Fath) and cleaning-idolatry idols around the Kaaba. Quraish violated the Treaty Hudaibiyah and help their allies attacked the allies of the Muslims. Knowing this, the Prophet Muhammad with 10,000 troops heading to Mecca. Unless received little resistance from the Ikrimah and Safwan, the Prophet Muhammad did not have difficulty entering the city of Mecca. Islamic forces entered the city of Mecca without violence. All the idols around the Kaaba in Mecca destroyed. Since the conquest of Mecca was under the authority of the Prophet Muhammad.
632 MAt 10 H, the Prophet Muhammad the last pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj wadak) with around 100,000 followers. Two months after wadak pilgrimage to Mecca, the Prophet SAW ill. On 13 Rabiulawal 11 H / 8 June 632 AD, the Prophet Muhammad died.
Year 633-642 MAfter the position of Islam in Mecca grew stronger, Islam began to spread its wings. Islam quickly developed into Persia, Syria, Palestine and Egypt. In 641 Muslim Arabs ruled Egypt, and conquered the whole of North Africa.
Year 650 MAt the suggestion of Umar bin Khattab, during the Caliphate of Abu Bakr, writing the Qur'an that were scattered muulai collected and put together. Bakr Abu Zaid ibn Sabit commissioned to collect and compile the Qur'an into a single codex, which became known as the Ottoman manuscripts (Usman bin Affan)
661 MAfter the al-Khulafa 'ar-Rasyidun, Mu'awiyah derived from the Bani Umayyad founded the Umayyad Dynasty, in Syria.
Year 711 MUmayyad Muslim forces under the leadership of Tariq ibn Ziyad had conquered southern Spain. This is the beginning of the conquest of Andalusia.
Year 712 MIslam started to enter Central Asia, including Bukhara and Samarkand
By 750 MLast Umayyad Caliph of Damascus (Syria), Marwan II (744-750), defeated in battle at the River Zab. This event also marks the end of the Umayyad dynasty and the founding of the Abbasid Dynasty by Abu Abbas as-Saffah as the first caliph
Year 751 MAtlakh battle at Talas (now included in the Kirghiz territory). Muslim troops defeated the Chinese army and began to recognize the paper from Chinese prisoners of war.
756 MAfter the Umayyad rule in Damascus ended (750 M), the only Angora remaining Bani Umayyad family, Abdurrahman, managed to escape and cross into Spain. There he built a new Umayyad dynasty with the center of power in Cordoba.
Year 762 MAl-Mansur, the Abbasid rulers, moved the capital of the Abbasid Hasyimiyah to Baghdad, and made it the cultural center of world trade sarta Islam.
Year 800 MAfter more extensive relations with the outside world the Islamic world, Muslim merchants began to trade to China.
Year 827 MEarly Muslim conquest of Sicily by troops
Year 830 MBaitulhikmah, a science institute and center penerjemahaan Greek works into Arabic, was founded in Baghdad by the Caliph al-Ma'mum
Year 868 MDynasty stand Tulun in Egypt
Year 870 MThe conquest of Malta by Muslim forces.
Year 909 MShia Fatimid Ismaili who stand in North Africa and Egypt. This dynasty escape the Abbasids in Baghdad.
Year 912-961 MUnder Islamic rule, Cordoba became the center of the development of science in Europe
Year 970 MFatimid rulers founded the Al Azhar Mosque in Cairo. At first, al-Azhar serve only as jami (big mosque) but later became jami'ah (university). Al-Azhar University was recorded as the oldest university in the world.
Year 1096-1099 MBeginning Copy War I (the period of conquest). Crusade is a religious war between Christian Europe and Muslim Asia. This war happened because the reaction of Christians to Muslims who are considered to attack and occupy key cities and holy sites of Christianity. Besides involving a very large number of troops and the two sides, the Crusades also include a number of leaders of the congregation. The first Crusader army to be defeated Seljuk Dynasty. The attack led troops next cross Godfrey of Bouillon succeeded in occupying Jerusalem in 1099.
Year 1144-1192 MCrusades II (the period of the Muslim reaction). Muslim armies led by Imanuddin Zangi, Governor of Mosul, captured Allepo and Edessa (1144). After Imanuddin's death, his leadership was replaced by his son Nur al-Din Zangi, who managed to master Damascus (1147), Antioch (1149) and Egypt (1169)
Year 1171-1773 MSultan Salahudin al-Ayyubi (Saladin) took control of Egypt. This is the power of Dynasties Ayubiyah and also marks the end of Fatimid rule.
Year 1187 MSultan Salahudin al-Ayyubi defeated the Crusaders in the Battle of Hattin (in the west of Lake Tiberias, northeast Yarusalem) and managed to seize control of the city Yarusalem and liberate Palestine in its entirety.
Year 1189-1192 MThird Crusade. Crusaders under the leadership of Philip II and Richard I merbut Acre (Yarusalem). Sultan Salahudin entered into a cease-fire and peace agreement with Richard I.
Year 1202-1204 MFourth Crusade. Constantinople controlled by Baldwin. He became the first king of Rome-Latin in the city.
Year 1206 MIslamic forces captured Delhi. Delhi Sultanate stood (1206-1555) as the first Islamic kingdom in North India, with its king Qutbuddin Aibak from India Mamluks
Year 1217-1221 MV. Crusade Muslim troops recaptured the city of Damiette in Egypt (1221), having previously held the Crusaders.
Year 1228-1229 MSalilb War VI. Crusaders under the leadership of Frederik II reoccupied Yarusalem
Year 1250 MMamluk dynasty of Egypt stood, with Izzuddin Aibak (1250-1257) as the first sultan
Year 1258 MAbbasid destruction caused by several factors, both internal and external. Internal factors include, among other unhealthy competition among several nations that collected in it, especially Arabic, Persian and Turkish; conflict Islamic school of thought which often causes blood pertumbahan; the emergence of small dynasties who want to liberate themselves from the Abbasids in Baghdad's central authority ; and deterioration in the economy as a result of the decline in the political field. The external factor was the Crusades that occurred in several waves and the presence of the Mongols under Hulagu Khan, who burned the city of Baghdad.
The year 1270 MCrusaders under the leadership of Ludwig took Tunis. Many Crusaders attacked victim to bubonic plague, including Ludwig himself. Then, city after city to re-captured and controlled by Islamic forces.
Year 1291 MCrusades ended (the period of the destruction of the Crusaders.) In this period of the Crusades appear a heroine of Islam, Syajar ad-Durr. He successfully defeated the Crusaders and the capture of King Louis IX, king of France but the release of this and let him return to his country. Turks regained control of Acre (Jerusalem). Strength of the Crusaders last fall into the hands of the Mamluk army.
In 1300 MOttoman dynasty was established in Turkey. Ottoman Dynasty was founded by Usman, son Atogrol of the Mongol tribes in the region Oghus
Year 1420-1437 MUlugh Beg Observatory was founded in Samarkand. This observatory is the best and most magnificent observatory in the Islamic world and is widely used by scientists at the time.
1453 MOttoman forces captured the city of Constantinople from the Byzantine ruler's hand. This is the end of the Byzantine Empire Constantinople became the capital of the Ottoman Empire and the new spiritual center of the Islamic world.
1492 MGranada, the last Muslim kingdom in Spain, fell into the hands of the Catholic king, Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Gastille
Year 1526 MMughal Dynasty was established. This dynasty was founded by Zahiruddin Muhammad Babur (1482-1530), one of the descendants of Tamerlane of the Mongol ethnic group (Khan Jengiz descent who had converted to Islam)
Year 1609-1614 M
Having lost the power of Islam in Spain, Spanish Muslims (Moriscos) were expelled from Spain
1746 MMuhammad bin Abdul Wahhab introduce understand Wahhabi in the Arabian Peninsula. Understand this confirms for the Muslims back to the source of the pure teachings of Islam as contained in the Qur'an and Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad
Year 1821 MChinese Muslim rebellion in the area of Sinkiang, China
Year 1838-1897 MJamaluddin al-Afghani trigger understand pan-Islamism (the unity of the Islamic countries)
1858 MIndia's Mughal dynasty to an end. After the arrival of the British, the Mughal Empire under British influence. Mughal rulers tried to break away from the English occupation, but have failed. Finally \, ending the Mughal king, Bahadur II (1837-1858), expelled the British from the palace
Year 1905 MEarly Salafiyah movement, ie movement that seeks to express again the doctrine of Islam or to return to the holy book. Salafiyah movement called the "Reform Movement" because it held a renewal of religious and moral reform.
In 1922 MTurkish Ottoman Empire collapsed. In an effort to overthrow the Sultan Abdul Hamid II (1876-1922), military group formed a secret committee to overthrow the sultan, such as the Committee of Union and Progress Society. One of its leaders was Mustafa Kemal Ataturk. After the sultan's rule collapsed, Turkey became a republic (1923) by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk as the first president.
Year 1926 MAl-Mu'tamar'Alam al-al-Islami (World Islamic Congress) gave birth to the first international Islamic organizations in Mecca, the al-'Alam Rabitah al-Islami (Islamic World League)
1941 MAbu A'la al-Maududi founded the Jamaat Islamic movement in Lahore, India. This organization aims to implement Islamisation in various aspects of social and economic life of Indian society.
In 1947 MThe idea of formation of Pakistan, which started from an idea conceived by Ahmad Khan and Muhammad Iqbal, ultimately embodied by Muhammad Ali Jinnah. After the British handed over the sovereignty of Pakistan on August 14, 197, stood up an Islamic state of Pakistan
Year 1955 MWorld Congress of Muslim Youth (International Assembly of Muslim Youth [IAMY]) took place in Karachi, India
Year 1965 MMalcolm X, a Muslim leader and fighter for human rights in the U.S. that once led the Black Muslim movement, was killed. Malcolm X managed to attract blacks to follow the movement through the speeches and writings
Year 1967 MArab-Israeli War ("Six Day War") erupted. The war broke out because the Palestinian problem. Since the state of Israel was established, the Palestinians feel colonized and expelled from their homeland. Arab States (Middle East) was also concerned with the Palestinian problem is because there Masjidilaksa in Jerusalem, one Palestinian Muslim holy sites.
Year 1969 MBurning Masjidilaksa by Israel on August 21, 1969 groundbreaking of Muslims worldwide. Arab League member states held an emergency meeting and make a decision to hold a Summit (Summit) Islamic state as soon as possible. The first summit was held in Rabat, Morocco, on 22 to 25 September 1969. At this summit the Organization of Islamic Conference (OIC) was formed, precisely on September 25, 1969.
Year 1979 MAbdus Salam, the first Muslim scientist won the Nobel prize in physics, thanks to the findings of his theory of "unified field".
Year 1979 MIran's Islamic Revolution is driven and led by Ayatollah Khomeini. This revolution is a social movement against the monarchy that took place under the Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi in power since 1919. After the Shah of Iran and his family left Iran, Ayatollah Khomeini took power and transform Iran into the Islamic Republic of Iran.
Year 1980 MIslamic Da'wah Council of Southeast Asia and the Pacific (Regional Islamic Da'wah Council of Southeast and Pacific) was established.
Year 1991 MThe Soviet Union broke up. Countries with Muslim-majority Central Asian independence
In 1991-1992 MBosnia-Hercegovina's independence from Yugoslavia. On April 7, 1992, the United States and the European Community (EU) recognized the independence of Bosnia-Hercegovina.
Year 2001 MUnited States (USA), English, and some of its allies, military offensive against the Taliban government in Afghanistan. Taliban accused of protecting Osama bin Laden (Osama bin Laden), people who think the USA is responsible for the destruction of the World Trade Center (WTC) in New York, USA and part of the Pentagon building in Washington. The attack has sparked criticism from various countries around the world.
Year 2003 MIraq attacked the United States, Britain, and some of its allies; on suspicion of producing weapons of mass murderers. Action is getting criticism attacks the United Nations and various countries in the world. Saddam Hussein's regime ended on April 10, 2003, along with bringing down the statue of Saddam.